TRIZ

TRIZ is a systematic approach to generate specific solutions to the given problem by associating it with another simpler, more general problem, while it is similar to using Metaphors, the main purpose of TRIZ is focused on applying principles and strategies to achieve the best solution from such associations.

40 Principles
TRIZ was developed by Soviet inventor and writer Genrich Altshuller, who went on to research on patents covering his method and its usage was summarised into 40 key principles. These principles are used to derive a solution from the abstracted or generalised problem, creating the general solution.